WSI includes four sequential processes: image acquisition, storage, processing, and visualization. The hardware components of the device required for image acquisition comprise of two systems: image capture and image display. Image capture is performed by a digital scanner, which is basically a trinocular microscope with robotic control of illumination intensity, mechanical stage, objectives, and coarse and fine focusing facilities and is equipped with a high-resolution camera [5]. Unlike the still microscopic images, WSI scanners capture sequential images either in a tiled or line-scanning manner which are subsequently assembled or stitched into a VS, an exact replica of the glass slide [6]. For surgical pathology, the section thickness, placement of section in the center of slide, away from the coverslip edges, avoidance of artifacts of microtomy or mounting have to be optimized [1]. Thick slides or broken slides may not be scanned automatically, since most of the scanners accept only one slide-thick stacks. In this regard, use of liquid-based cytology (LBC) smear or cell blocks offer an advantage due to the standardized approach in preparation and staining.
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The constant and ever-increasing requirement of physical space for storage of glass slides can also be taken care of with WSI and creation of VS. The routine H&E slides as well as special stains, immunochemistry, or fluorescent-labeled slides can be digitally archived while still fresh and free from artifacts. Digital images, if linked to the HIS, shall be readily available in the electronic health record of a patient [26]. Similarly, WSI provides a permanent digital record for cases sent physically for consultation or tissue sent elsewhere for molecular testing, as also for medico-legal and forensic purposes [27]. 2ff7e9595c
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