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In this paper, the experimental determination of the stress intensity factor in thick walled cylinders subject to uniform internal pressure and having longitudinal non-penetrating cracks is presented. Photoelastic measurements were used together with the expressions of the stress field near the crack tip for Mode I crack extension and a specific methodology for stress intensity factor determination. Two types of longitudinal cracks - internal and external - were considered. Four plane models were manufactured and analyzed in a plane polariscope at different values of the applied internal pressure. The values of the normalized stress intensity factor were calculated and the results were compared to those reported by other authors. A good accuracy was noticed, showing the reliability of the experimental procedure.
By applying a cyclic eccentrically tensile loading, oscillatory positive, determines at the crack peak that exist in a plate specimen CT type a compound loading of bending with tensile. The aim of the study is to analyze the equivalent stress variation σ, when the working temperature varies, namely: T= 293K (+20C), T= 253K (-20C) and T= 213K (-60C). The specimens are made from a stainless steel 10TiNiCr175 type, and were loaded with the asymmetry coefficient R= 0.1. There are drawn the variation curves of stress versus the crack length variation, σ(a), versus the material durability, σ(N), and respectively versus the stress intensity factor, σ(ΔK), for the three loading temperatures.
In the process of materials fracture, a very important parameter to study is the cracking rate growth da/dN. This paper proposes an analysis of the cracking rate, in a comparative way, by using four mathematical models:1 - polynomial method, by using successive iterations according to the ASTM E647 standard; 2 - model that uses the Paris formula; 3 - Walker formula method; 4 - NASGRO model or Forman - Newman - Konig equation, abbreviated as FNK model. This model is used in the NASA programs studies. For the tests, CT type specimens were made from stainless steel, V2A class, 10TiNiCr175 mark, and loaded to a variable tensile test axial - eccentrically, with the asymmetry coefficients: R= 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5; at the 213K (-60C) temperature. There are analyzed the cracking rates variations according to the above models, especially through FNK method, highlighting the asymmetry factor variation.
In this paper, the authors propose a studying method for the deformation that appears before crack of ductile materials using the Lode parameter determined by the numerical calculation applied on simple models, verified in previous studies. In order to highlight the influence of the Lode parameter, the tests were performed at simple but also at compound tests. The necessity of these studies lies in the fact that the acknowledged models (the use of the integral J, the critical stress intensity factor Kc or the CPCD method) do not fully explain the phenomenon of deformation before breaking the elasto-plastic materials. The tests were imagined under the form of sets. Each set of tests was performed on smooth specimens and on specimens with a notch radius of 0.5, 2, 4 and 10 mm. Also, each set of tests was performed for pure tensile and combined tensile-torque test.
1. BASIC CONCEPTS: restoration, conservation, strengthening2. THE NORMATIVE SYSTEM: Heritage Conservation Act, Guidelines for heritage preservation from seismic risks, Technical laws for existing buildings, historical manuals.3. THE KNOWLEDGE PATH: Historical measuring units, proportions and original geometry, historical inspections (archives documents, building manuals, historical "reading" of the building); the survey of geometry, architecture, structure, materials, disorders, decay phenomena, crack pattern; experimental tests, structural monitoring.4. ART AND SCIENCE OF BUILDING: some concepts of building science and technique, equilibrium, graphic statics, stress-strain relations, strength, no-tension materials; hyper-static structures; ultimate state assessment on empirical basis.5. TIMBER STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS: Materials characteristics, decay phenomena, structural problems, timber floors and roofs, post trusses.6. MASONRY STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS: Materials characteristics, mechanical behaviour, pillars and columns, walls, seismic behavior of traditional masonry buildings.7. ARCHES, VAULTS AND DOMES: building typologies, static behaviour, disorders and crack pattern, collapse mechanisms, graphical methods for the limit state analysis, finite element analysis, strengthening techniques.8. STRENGTHENING METHODS: traditional and innovative techniques and materials for the structural and seismic strengthening of historical buildings; the difficult equilibrium between safety and conservation; theoretical, aesthetical and functional issues in the structural restoration.9. BUILDING'S HVAC SYSTEM: HVAC adaptation, with specific reference to the compatibility problems 10. EXAMPLES OF RESTORATION AND STRENGTHENING: design and project references, in the frame of the complex cultural debate ongoing in this field. 2ff7e9595c
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